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Molecular diffusion in ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1003-1016 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2121-3

摘要： The diffusion kinetics of a molecular probe—rhodamine B—in ternary aqueous solutions containing poly(vinyl alcohol), glycerol, and surfactants was investigated using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. We show that the diffusion characteristics of rhodamine B in such complex systems is determined by a synergistic effect of molecular crowding and intermolecular interactions between chemical species. The presence of glycerol has no noticeable impact on rhodamine B diffusion at low concentration, but significantly slows down the diffusion of rhodamine B above 3.9% (w/v) due to a dominating steric inhibition effect. Furthermore, introducing surfactants (cationic/nonionic/anionic) to the system results in a decreased diffusion coefficient of the molecular probe. In solutions containing nonionic surfactant, this can be explained by an increased crowding effect. For ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions containing cationic or anionic surfactant, surfactant–polymer and surfactant–rhodamine B interactions alongside the crowding effect of the molecules slow down the overall diffusivity of rhodamine B. The results advance our insight of molecular migration in a broad range of industrial complex formulations that incorporate multiple compounds, and highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate additives and surfactants in formulated products.

关键词： fluorescence correlation spectroscopy     poly(vinyl alcohol)     anomalous diffusion     crowding effects     dynamic light scattering     binding effects     rhodamine B    

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Uncovering the effect of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and vinyl alcohol content on

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1484-1502 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2331-y

摘要： Various hydrophilic poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) were used herein to precisely control the structure and hydrodynamic properties of polysulfone (PSF) membranes. Particularly, to prepare pristine PSF and PSF/EVOH blends with increasing vinyl alcohol (VOH: 73%, 68%, 56%), the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique was used. Polyethylene glycol was used as a compatibilizer and as a porogen in N,N-dimethylacetamide. Rheological and ultrasonic separation kinetic measurements were also carried out to develop an ultrafiltration membrane mechanism. The extracted membrane properties and filtration capabilities were systematically compared to the proposed mechanism. Accordingly, the addition of EVOH led to an increase in the rheology of the dopes. The resulting membranes exhibited a microporous structure, while the finger-like structures became more evident with increasing VOH content. The PSF/EVOH behavior was changed from immediate to delayed segregation due to a change in the hydrodynamic kinetics. Interestingly, the PSF/EVOH32 membranes showed high hydrophilicity and achieved a pure water permeability of 264 L·m–2·h–1·bar–1, which was higher than that of pure PSF membranes (171 L·m–2·h–1·bar–1). In addition, PSF/EVOH32 rejected bovine serum albumin at a high rate (> 90%) and achieved a significant restoration of permeability. Finally, from the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic results, valuable insights into the selection of hydrophilic copolymers were provided to tailor the membrane structure while improving both the permeability and antifouling performance.

关键词： polysulfone     blend modification     ultrafiltration membrane     formation hydrodynamics     poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) copolymer    

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聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)共混膜的制备及其油水分离性能

白云翔,吴国梁,张春芳,顾瑾,孙余凭

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第7期   页码 79-83

摘要：

将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）与聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)（EVAL）共混，采用浸没沉淀法制备了PVP/EVAL共混膜，并用于油水乳液分离过程。通过全反射红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验、接触角测试等对膜的组成、结构形态、机械性能、亲水性进行了表征，并研究了PVP添加量对共混膜油水分离性能的影响。结果表明：添加PVP能较显著地改变EVAL膜的结构，且共混膜的机械强度和亲水性得到明显改善，当PVP添加量为10 wt%（PVP在铸膜液中的质量分数）时，其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为纯EVAL膜的1.88 倍和1.34 倍。当PVP 添加量为4 wt%时，油水分离稳定通量为纯EVAL 膜的1.81 倍，截留率为92.2 %，比纯EVAL 膜略高。PVP 添加量为10 wt%的PVP/EVAL 共混膜清洗后通量恢复率由纯EVAL 膜的51 %增至77.98 %。

关键词： 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮     聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)     共混膜     油水分离     浸没沉淀    

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride     Combustion     Chemical safety management     Environmental risk     Emerging contaminants    

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Rheological behavior of PMVE-MA aqueous solution with metallic cations

Xiaoping DONG, Li LI, Jun XU, Xuhong GUO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 126-130 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0548-z

摘要： The rheological properties of aqueous solutions of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (PMVE-MA) upon addition of metallic cations at different pH values were investigated. Sol-gel transition and shear-thickening phenomena at moderate shear rate were observed upon increasing the amount of metallic cations, especially for cupric cation. At certain molar ratio ( ) of added cupric cations to carboxyl groups in PMVE-MA, the system became gel-like, and the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) were parallel and exhibited a power-law dependence on the frequency, which is consistent with Winter’s hypothesis of determining the gel point of a crosslinking system. The shear-thickening behavior depends on , pH, metallic valence, and temperature.

关键词： poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)     shear-thickening     gel point     rheology    

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Study on direct alcohol/ether fuel synthesis process in bubble column slurry reactor

Zhen CHEN, Haitao ZHANG, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 461-471 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0517-6

摘要： The recent studies of direct alcohol/ether synthesis process in slurry reactors were reviewed, and the research work in our laboratory was carried out in this paper. a global kinetics model for direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syngas over a novel Cu-Zn-Al-Zr slurry catalyst was established according to the total of 25 experimental data, and a steady-state one-dimensional mathematical model was further developed in bubble column slurry reactor (BCSR), which was assumed that the bubble phase was plug flow, and the liquid phase was fully mixed flow. The numerical simulations of reactor design of 100000 t/a dimethyl ether pilot plant indicate that higher pressure and lower temperature were favorable to the increase of CO conversion, selectivity of dimethyl ether, product yield and height of slurry bed. The optimal operating conditions for DME synthesis process were obtained: reaction temperature at 240°C, reactor pressure at 5 MPa and reactor diameter of 2.5 m.

关键词： syngas     alcohol/ether fuel     slurry catalyst     bubble column slurry reactor     global kinetics     mathematical model    

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Progress on cleaner production of vinyl chloride monomers over non-mercury catalysts

Jinli ZHANG, Nan LIU, Wei LI, Bin DAI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 514-520 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1114-z

摘要： Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become the third most used plastic after polyethylene and polypropylene and the worldwide demand continues to increase. Polyvinyl chloride is produced by polymerization of the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which is manufactured industrially via the dehydrochlorination of dichloroethane or the hydrochlorination of acetylene. Currently PVC production through the acetylene hydrochlorination method accounts for about 70% of the total PVC production capacity in China. However, the industrial production of VCM utilizes a mercuric chloride catalyst to promote the reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride. During the hydrochlorination, the highly toxic mercuric chloride tends to sublime, resulting in the deactivation of the catalyst and also in severe environmental pollution problems. Hence, for China, it is necessary to explore environmental friendly non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination as well as high efficiency novel reactors, with the aim of sustainable PVC production via the acetylene-based method. This paper presents a review of non-mercury heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts as well as reactor designs, and recommends future work for developing cleaner processes to produce VCM over non-mercury catalysts with high activity and long stability.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride     vinyl chloride monomer     acetylene hydrochlorination     non-mercury catalysts     green chemical process    

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Toughening of vinyl ester resins by two-dimensional MXene nanosheets

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1651-1658 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2208-5

摘要： Two-dimensional nanosheets are highly effective tougheners for vinyl ester resins. The toughening effect is related to the high specific surface area and unique two-dimensional planar structure of the nanosheets. In this study, a coupling agent γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (Kh-560) was used to modify MXene nanosheets (M-MXene) for use in toughening vinyl ester resin. The mechanical properties, including the tensile strength, flexural strength, Young’s modulus and elongation, of neat vinyl ester resin and vinyl ester resin modified with MXene and M-MXene were investigated. The results showed that modification significantly improved the mechanical properties of the vinyl ester resin. The tensile and flexural strengths of the MXene-nanosheet-modified vinyl ester resin were 27.20% and 25.32% higher, respectively, than those of the neat vinyl ester resin. The coupling agent improved the interfacial compatibility between the MXene nanosheets and vinyl ester resin, which resulted in the tensile and flexural strengths of the M-MXene-nanosheet-modified vinyl ester resin being 52.57% and 54.60% higher, respectively, than those of the neat vinyl ester resin for a loading quantity of nanosheets of only 0.04 wt %, which is economically viable. The main mechanisms by which the nanosheets toughen the resin are crack deflection and crack pinning.

关键词： MXene nanosheets     2D material     vinyl ester resin     modification     coupling agent    

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Hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol on NiB/SiO2 amorphous alloy catalyst

SONG Yun, LI Wei, ZHANG Minghui, TAO Keyi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 151-154 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0028-2

摘要： NiB/SiO amorphous alloy catalyst was prepared by power electroless plating method and characterized by induction coupled plasma (ICP), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalytic performance of NiB/SiO was investigated for the hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA). The effects of operational conditions, such as reaction temperature, pressure, and stirring rate were carefully studied. The proper conditions were determined as the following: pressure 2.0 MPa, temperature 120?C and stirring rate 550 r/min. A typical result with FA conversion of 99% and THFA selectivity of 100% was obtained under such conditions, which was close to that over Raney Ni.

关键词： following     Brunauer     electroless     temperature     transmission    

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Effect of decoction on CD14 expression in lipopolysaccharide signal transduction pathway of alcohol-induced

Rui ZHU MD , Lin SHEN MD , Jianguo LIU MD , Weili ZHANG MM , Ling YANG MD ,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 363-367 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0064-z

摘要： This paper aims to investigate the effects of (枳黄) decoction on CD14 expression in the lipopolysaccharide signal transduction pathway of alcohol-induced liver disease in rats. Seventy-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Ethanol (56%, weight/volumn) was intragastrically administrated to 50 rats (14mL/kg body weight per day) for 10 days to establish a model of alcohol-induced liver disease, and 25 of these 50 rats were treated with decoction simultaneously. Liver injury was evaluated by biochemical examination. The plasma content of endotoxin was assayed by biochemistry. The expression of CD14 mRNA and protein in rat liver was measured by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. decoction pretreatment significantly protected against acute alcohol-induced liver injury, which was evidenced by the decrease of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the level of plasma endotoxin and up-regulation of CD14 was also suppressed by decoction in alcohol-intoxicated rats. decoction can significantly reduce CD14 expression in the lipopolysaccharide signal transduction pathway, which is one of the most important mechanisms of decoction to treat hepatic injury induced by alcohol in rats.

关键词： liver disease     alcohol     Zhihuang decoction     CD14     signal transduction    

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Metal cation removal by P(VC-r-AA) copolymer ultrafiltration membranes

Nachuan Wang, Jun Wang, Peng Zhang, Wenbin Wang, Chuangchao Sun, Ling Xiao, Chen Chen, Bin Zhao, Qingran Kong, Baoku Zhu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 262-272 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1682-7

摘要： A series of amphiphilic copolymers containing poly(vinyl chloride-r-acrylic acid) (P(VC-r-AA) ) was synthesized and used to prepare membranes via a non-solvent induced phase separation method. The prepared membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle and zeta potential measurements. The copolymer P(VC-r-AA) chains did not dissolved in a coagulation bath, indicating that the AA segments were completely retained within the membrane. Enriching degree of AA segments in surface layer was 2 for copolymer membrane. In addition, the introduction of AA segments made the membrane electronegative and hydrophilic so that the membrane was sensitive to the solution pH. The fouling resistance, adsorption of Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ce(IV) ions and the desorption properties of the membranes were also determined. The copolymer membranes exhibited good antifouling performance with a fouling reversibility of 92%. The membranes also had good adsorption capacities for Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ce(IV) ions. The optimal pH for Cu(II) adsorption was 6 and the copolymer membrane has potential applications for low concentration Cu(II) removal.

关键词： poly(vinyl chloride-r-acrylic acid)     negatively charged PVC membrane     anti-fouling     heavy metal adsorption     Cu(II) removal    

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Using crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane as a separator in the microbial fuel cell

Yanping HOU, Kaiming LI, Haiping LUO, Guangli LIU, Renduo ZHANG, Bangyu QIN, Shanshan CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 137-143 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0534-z

摘要： Separator between anode and cathode is an essential part of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and its property could significantly influence the system performance. In this study we used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer membrane crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) as a new separator for the MFC. The highest power density of 759±4 mW·m was obtained when MFC using the PVA membrane crosslinked with 15% of SSA due to its desirable proton conductivity (5.16 × 10 S·cm ). The power density significantly increased to 1106±30?mW·m with a separator-electrode-assembly configuration, which was comparable with glass fiber (1170±46?mW·m ). The coulombic efficiencies of the MFCs with crosslinked PVA membranes ranged from 36.3% to 45.7% at a fix external resistance of 1000 ?. The crosslinked PVA membrane could be a promising alternative to separator materials for constructing practical MFC system.

关键词： microbial fuel cell     crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane     separator material     power generation     coulombic efficiency    

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Ultrafast-laser-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes with enhanced

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 206-216 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2203-x

摘要： Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an important organic electrode for solution-processed low-cost electronic devices. However, it requires doping and post-solvent treatment to improve its conductivity, and the chemicals used for such treatments may affect the device fabrication process. In this study, we developed a novel route for exploiting ultrafast lasers (femtosecond and picosecond laser) to simultaneously enhance the conductivity and transparency of PEDOT:PSS films and fabricate patterned solution-processed electrodes for electronic devices. The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS film was improved by three orders of magnitude (from 3.1 to 1024 S·cm–1), and high transparency of up to 88.5% (average visible transmittance, AVT) was achieved. Raman and depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxidation level of PEDOT was enhanced, thereby increasing the carrier concentration. The surface PSS content also decreased, which is beneficial to the carrier mobility, resulting in significantly enhanced electrical conductivity. Further, we fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cells using the as-made PEDOT:PSS as the transparent top electrodes, and a power conversion efficiency of 7.39% was achieved with 22.63% AVT. Thus, the proposed route for synthesizing conductive and transparent electrodes is promising for vacuum and doping-free electronics.

关键词： PEDOT:PSS     ultrafast laser     transparent electrode     ST-PSCs     patterning    

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Degradation of bisphenol A by microorganisms immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres

Xue BAI, Hanchang SHI, Zhengfang YE, Qiujin SUN, Qing WANG, Zhongyou WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 844-850 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0487-2

摘要： In this study, microorganisms (named B111) were immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres prepared by the inverse suspension crosslinked method. The biodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, a degradation product of BPA, by free and immobilized B111 was investigated. The BPA degradation studies were carried out at initial BPA concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 mg·L . The affinity constant K and maximum degradation rate were 98.3 mg·L and 19.7 mg·mg VSS·d for free B111, as well as 87.2 mg·L and 21.1 mg·mg VSS·d for immobilized B111, respectively. 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses confirmed that the dominant genera were and for BPA biodegradation in microorganisms B111.

关键词： bisphenol A     polyvinyl alcohol     immobilized microorganisms     4-hydroxybenzaldehyde    

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Hydrophilic modification of poly(aryl sulfone) membrane materials toward highly-efficient environmental

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 614-633 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2115-1

摘要： Poly(aryl sulfone) as a typical membrane material has been widely used due to excellent mechanical, chemical and thermal stability. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of poly(aryl sulfone) based membranes bears with the fouling issue during applications, which makes the membrane tending to adsorb contaminants on the surface so as to result in decreased separation performance and lifetime. In this critical review, we give a comprehensive overview on characterizations of hydrophilic membrane and diverse hydrophilic modification approaches of poly(aryl sulfone) membranes, predominantly including bulky, blending and surface modification technology. The discussions on the different modification methods have been provided in-depth. Besides, focusing on modification methods and performance of modified membranes, the related mechanisms for the performance enhancement are discussed too. At last, the perspectives are provided to guide the future directions to develop novel technology to manipulate the hydrophilicity of poly(aryl sulfone) membranes toward diverse practical and multi-functional applications.

关键词： poly(aryl sulfone)     membrane separations     modification     hydrophilicity     water treatment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Molecular diffusion in ternary poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions

期刊论文

Uncovering the effect of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and vinyl alcohol content on

期刊论文

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)共混膜的制备及其油水分离性能

白云翔,吴国梁,张春芳,顾瑾,孙余凭

期刊论文

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

期刊论文

Rheological behavior of PMVE-MA aqueous solution with metallic cations

Xiaoping DONG, Li LI, Jun XU, Xuhong GUO

期刊论文

Study on direct alcohol/ether fuel synthesis process in bubble column slurry reactor

Zhen CHEN, Haitao ZHANG, Weiyong YING, Dingye FANG

期刊论文

Progress on cleaner production of vinyl chloride monomers over non-mercury catalysts

Jinli ZHANG, Nan LIU, Wei LI, Bin DAI

期刊论文

Toughening of vinyl ester resins by two-dimensional MXene nanosheets

期刊论文

Hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol on NiB/SiO2 amorphous alloy catalyst

SONG Yun, LI Wei, ZHANG Minghui, TAO Keyi

期刊论文

Effect of decoction on CD14 expression in lipopolysaccharide signal transduction pathway of alcohol-induced

Rui ZHU MD , Lin SHEN MD , Jianguo LIU MD , Weili ZHANG MM , Ling YANG MD ,

期刊论文

Metal cation removal by P(VC-r-AA) copolymer ultrafiltration membranes

Nachuan Wang, Jun Wang, Peng Zhang, Wenbin Wang, Chuangchao Sun, Ling Xiao, Chen Chen, Bin Zhao, Qingran Kong, Baoku Zhu

期刊论文

Using crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane as a separator in the microbial fuel cell

Yanping HOU, Kaiming LI, Haiping LUO, Guangli LIU, Renduo ZHANG, Bangyu QIN, Shanshan CHEN

期刊论文

Ultrafast-laser-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes with enhanced

期刊论文

Degradation of bisphenol A by microorganisms immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol microspheres

Xue BAI, Hanchang SHI, Zhengfang YE, Qiujin SUN, Qing WANG, Zhongyou WANG

期刊论文

Hydrophilic modification of poly(aryl sulfone) membrane materials toward highly-efficient environmental

期刊论文